Capture the stop code
Photograph or write down the stop code and any named driver. Also record whether the crash happened during startup, gaming, sleep, an update, or connection of new hardware.
Disconnect new nonessential hardware
Shut down safely and disconnect recently added nonessential USB devices. Restart and test before reconnecting devices one at a time.
Review drivers and updates
If crashes began after a driver update, use Device Manager to roll back that specific driver. Obtain replacement drivers from the computer or component manufacturer.
Check memory and storage
Run Windows Memory Diagnostic and review the drive’s health. Repeated memory errors or storage warnings require hardware attention; software cannot physically repair failed components.
Use recovery options carefully
Safe Mode, Startup Repair, System Restore, and uninstalling a recent quality update can help when Windows cannot start normally. Back up files before resets or reinstallations.
These steps provide general educational guidance and cannot guarantee a repair. Software cannot physically repair failed storage, damaged memory, overheating components, broken connectors, or liquid damage.